The process of adolescence is a period of preparation for adulthood during which time several key developmental experiences occur. Besides physical and sexual maturation, these experiences include the movement toward social and economic independence and development of identity. Also, the acquisition of skills needed to carry out adult relationships and roles, and the capacity for abstract reasoning take place. While adolescence is a time of tremendous growth and potential, it is also a time of considerable risk during which social contexts exert powerful influences. As a health extension worker it is important for you to know these changes to understand the special needs of young people and provide appropriate services.
Details of stages of adolescent and youth development are explained in the Box below.
Stages of adolescent and youth development
Early adolescence (10-13 years):- Onset of puberty and rapid growth.
- Impulsive, experimental behaviour.
- Beginning to think abstractly.
- Adolescent‘s sphere of influence extends beyond her/his family.
- Increasing concern with image and acceptance by peers.
Middle adolescence (14-16 years):- Continues physical growth and development.
- Starts to challenge rules and test limits.
- Develops more analytical skills; greater awareness of behavioural consequences.
- Strongly influenced by peers, especially on image and social behaviour.
- Increasing interest in sex; special relationships begin with opposite sex.
- Greater willingness to assess own beliefs and consider others.
Late adolescence (17-24 years):- Reaches physical and sexual maturity.
- Improved problem-solving abilities.
- Developing greater self-identification.
- Peer influence lessens.
- Reintegration into family.
- Intimate relationships more important than group relationships.
- Increased ability to make adult choices and assume adult .responsibilities.