Knowing how HIV is not transmitted, and educating community members about the myths that some may believe (see box below), helps to increase the inclusion of PLHIV in society, and reduce the stigmatisation and discrimination they often experience.

Myths about HIV transmission

HIV is not transmitted by:

tears, saliva, sweat or urine
personal contacts — kisses on the mouth, hugging, handshakes
social contact — at work, in school, in cafés and restaurants
air or water — sneezing, coughing or swimming
contact with common items — pens, toilets, towels, sheets, soap
insects — mosquito bites or bites by other insects.

Understanding the modes of transmission of HIV is the basis for implementing prevention measures against HIV infection at the community level, and for healthcare providers, including yourself.