When you have studied this session, you should be able to:

• Define and use correctly all of the keywords printed in bold.
  
• Explain how to counsel, the optimum breastfeeding criteria, for the newborn and the steps in establishing optimum breastfeeding through good positioning of the mother and good attachment of the baby to the breast.
  
• Describe the advantages of exclusive breastfeeding for the mother and newborn.
  
• Describe the signs that infant may not be getting enough breast milk, and some common reasons of refusal for breast milk.
  
• List some common abnormal breast conditions and their management.
  
• Discuss how to counsel the mother who is HIV-positive on feeding options for her baby to reduce the risk of transmitting HIV through breastmilk.
  
• Describe how newborns lose heat and how to prevent hypothermia by using the "warm chain principal".