Now that you have completed this study session, you can assess how well you have achieved its Learning Outcomes by answering these questions.

What are the 4 Ps of marketing?

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The 4Ps are: product, place, promotion and price.

Which of the following statements is false? In each case explain why it is incorrect.

Sanitation marketing is aimed at encouraging individuals and households to want to install their own latrine.
Making good quality slabs that are durable, easy to clean and reasonably priced is all that is needed for a successful business.
Sanitation marketing aims to improve public and environmental health by encouraging demand for sanitation products and services.
Sanitation marketing can support communities in achieving the goal of open-defecation free (ODF) status.
The only way to convince people to buy a latrine is to tell them about the health risks from open defecation.

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2 is false. Even the best quality slabs will not sell unless there is demand for them.

5 is false. Telling people about health risks is important but they may be more convinced by arguments that emphasise the increased status and sense of pride they may gain from having a latrine.

Give two examples of potential benefits and two examples of possible drawbacks from public–private partnerships in urban sanitation and waste management.

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Benefits from public–private partnerships include:

they can be more efficient and provide a better service because private companies are motivated by the potential profits
private companies can be specialists in the service area and have access to expert knowledge and special equipment
they may be able to access funds that are not available to government offices.

Drawbacks include:

private companies may be greedy and more interested in profit than in providing a good service
they may not be committed to providing the service over a long period of time and may leave or close down unexpectedly
if a single company provides a service with no competition they may take advantage of their monopoly by raising prices.